The recommended temperature to be bringing pets indoors is 35°F. Of course, some animals – small, short-haired, old, ill, etc. – may not be able to handle the cold at all and will need to be brought in at even warmer temps.
In Franklin county Ohio, the police and animal shelters are not the best resource to respond to complaints of animal cruelty. You best recourse is to contact your local Humane Society who can appropriately respond. Police can check on the welfare of a situation and ask that the pet owner take care of their loved one, however they do not have authority to enforce action.
Resources
Columbus Humane Society
614-777-PETS ext. 250
http://www.cahs-pets.org/i-need-help/report-animal-cruelty
questions@columbushumane.org